The Naxalite movement that has been revolving around the prime issues of land, wage and dignity, has been viewed more as a law and order problem than a product of socio-economic evils which has complicated the issue. This study is helpful in understanding the intricate and significant issues of the movement.

The human history is replete with the instances of struggles between the forces of oppression and exploitation, and those of human liberation in various forms at various historical phases under the guidance of certain ideologies; either existing dominant ideology or neo-emergent sets of ideas. During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the philosophy of communism emerged as one of the most dynamic and revolutionary ideologies rooted in the class analysis of society aiming at transformation of existing socio-economic order along the lines of humanist goals through the practice of class struggle compatible to the concrete situation of the region (or country) where the movement took place.

The framework of communist ideology and strategy was applied in different ways depending on the assessment of the social situation prevalent in a particular country with an objective to build an exploitation free society by destroying the exploitative and oppressive imperialistic-feudal and capitalist socio-economic order.